Amakuru

Ubwiherero ni itsinda ryibikoresho byihariye bifite ibisabwa byihariye kubikorwa remezo, gukurikirana ibidukikije, ubushobozi bwabakozi nisuku. Umwanditsi: Dr. Patricia Sitek, nyiri CRK
Kwiyongera kwibidukikije bigenzurwa mubice byose byinganda bitera ibibazo bishya kubakozi bakora bityo rero ibiteganijwe kubuyobozi gushyira mubikorwa amahame mashya.
Amakuru atandukanye yerekana ko hejuru ya 80% yibibazo bya mikorobe no kurenza umukungugu biterwa no kuba abakozi bafite ibikorwa byubwiherero. Mubyukuri, kwinjiza, gusimbuza no gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo nibikoresho bishobora kuvamo kurekura ibintu byinshi, bigatuma habaho kwimura ibinyabuzima biva kuruhu hamwe nibikoresho mubidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho nkibikoresho, ibikoresho byoza ibikoresho nibikoresho byo gupakira nabyo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yubwiherero.
Kubera ko abakozi ari bo soko nini yanduza mu bwiherero, ni ngombwa kubaza uburyo bwo kugabanya neza ikwirakwizwa ry’ibinyabuzima bitabaho kandi bitabaho kugira ngo byuzuze ibisabwa ISO 14644 mu gihe abakozi binjiraga mu isuku.
Koresha imyenda ikwiye kugirango wirinde ikwirakwizwa ry'uturemangingo na mikorobe biva mu mubiri w'abakozi ku kazi gakikije.
Ikintu cyingenzi mu gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’umwanda mu bwiherero ni uguhitamo imyenda y’isuku ikwiranye n’urwego rw’isuku. Muri iki gitabo tuzibanda ku myenda ishobora gukoreshwa ISO 8 / D na ISO 7 / C, isobanura ibisabwa kubikoresho, guhumeka neza hamwe nigishushanyo cyihariye.
Ariko, mbere yo kureba ibyangombwa byimyambaro yisuku, tuzaganira muri make ibyifuzo byibanze byabakozi ba ISO8 / D na ISO7 / C.
Icya mbere, kugirango wirinde gukwirakwiza ikwirakwizwa ry’umwanda mu isuku, ni ngombwa guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa muri buri cyumba cy’isuku SOP irambuye (Standard Operating Procedure) isobanura amahame shingiro y’imikorere y’isuku mu ishyirahamwe. Ibikorwa nkibi bigomba kwandikwa, gushyirwa mubikorwa, gusobanuka no gukurikizwa mururimi kavukire. Icy'ingenzi mu myiteguro ni amahugurwa akwiye y’abakozi bashinzwe gukorera ahantu hagenzurwa, kimwe n’ibisabwa gukora ibizamini by’ubuvuzi bikwiye hitawe ku ngaruka zagaragaye ku kazi. Kugenzura bisanzwe amaboko y'abakozi kugira isuku, gupima indwara zandura, ndetse no kwisuzumisha amenyo buri gihe ni bimwe "bishimishije" bitegereje abashya mu isuku.
Kwinjira mu isuku ni ukunyura mu kirere, cyateguwe kandi gifite ibikoresho byo kwirinda kwanduzanya, cyane cyane ku nzira yinjira. Bitewe n'ubwoko bw'umusaruro, tugabanya indege dukurikije kwiyongera k'isuku cyangwa kongeramo indege zogeramo mubyumba bisukuye.
Nubwo ISO 14644 yoroheje cyane ibisabwa kurwego rwa ISO 8 na ISO 7, urwego rwo kurwanya umwanda ruracyari hejuru. Ni ukubera ko imipaka igenga ibintu byangiza na mikorobe yanduye ari nyinshi kuburyo byoroshye gutanga igitekerezo cyuko duhora dukurikirana umwanda. Niyo mpamvu guhitamo imyenda ikwiye kumurimo ari igice cyingenzi muri gahunda yo kurwanya umwanda, ntabwo yujuje ibyateganijwe gusa, ahubwo inashushanya, ibiteganijwe hamwe nubuhumekero.
Gukoresha imyenda ikingira birashobora gukumira ikwirakwizwa ry’ibice na mikorobe biva mu mubiri w’abakozi ku kazi gakikije. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa mugukora imyenda yisuku ni polyester. Ibi biterwa nuko ibikoresho birinda umukungugu kandi icyarimwe bigahumeka rwose. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko polyester ari ibikoresho bizwi bifite urwego rwohejuru rwa ISO, nkuko bisabwa na protokole ya CSM (Cleanroom Suitable Materials) protocole yikigo cya Fraunhofer.
Caribre fibre ikoreshwa nkinyongera mugukora imyenda ya polyester isukura kugirango itange imiti irwanya antistatike. Umubare wabo mubusanzwe nturenga 1% yububiko rusange bwibikoresho.
Igishimishije, mugihe uhitamo ibara ryimyenda ishingiye kurwego rwisuku ntishobora kugira ingaruka itaziguye mugukurikirana umwanda, irashobora kunoza imyitwarire yakazi no gukurikirana ibikorwa byabakozi mukarere ka suku.
Dukurikije ISO 14644-5: 2016, imyenda yo mu bwiherero ntigomba kugumana abakozi gusa, ahubwo ni ngombwa, guhumeka, kumererwa neza no kurwanya gucikamo ibice.
ISO 14644 Igice cya 5 (Umugereka B) gitanga ubuyobozi bwuzuye kubikorwa, guhitamo, ibintu bifatika, bikwiye kandi birangiye, ihumure ryumuriro, uburyo bwo gukaraba no gukama, nibisabwa kubika imyenda.
Muri iki gitabo, tuzabagezaho ubwoko bwimyenda isanzwe yisuku yujuje ibisabwa na ISO 14644-5.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko imyenda ya ISO 8 (bakunze kwita “pajamas”) igomba kuba ikozwe muri karuboni fibre yatewe na polyester, nk'ikoti cyangwa ikanzu. Ingofero zikoreshwa mukurinda umutwe zirashobora gutabwa, ariko imikorere yazo akenshi ziragabanuka kubera kwangirika kwangirika. Noneho ugomba gutekereza kubyerekeye umupfundikizo wongeye gukoreshwa.
Igice cyingenzi cyimyenda ni inkweto, nkimyenda, igomba kuba ikozwe mubikoresho birwanya imashini kandi birwanya irekurwa ryumwanda. Mubisanzwe reberi cyangwa ibikoresho bisa bihuye nibisabwa na ISO 14644.
Ibyo ari byo byose, niba isesengura ry’ibyago ryerekana ko iyo gahunda yo kwambara irangiye, hajyaho uturindantoki two gukingira kugira ngo hagabanuke ikwirakwizwa ry’umwanda uva mu mubiri w’umukozi mu kazi.
Nyuma yo kuyikoresha, imyenda yongeye gukoreshwa yoherezwa mumyenda isukuye aho yoza kandi ikumishwa mubihe bya ISO Class 5.
Kubera ko ibyiciro bya ISO 8 na ISO 7 bidasaba nyuma yo guhagarika imyenda, imyenda irapakirwa kandi ikoherezwa uyikoresha akimara gukama.
Imyenda ikoreshwa ntishobora gukaraba no gukama, ni ngombwa rero kuyifata no gushyiraho politiki yo guta imyanda mumuryango.
Imyenda ikoreshwa irashobora gukoreshwa muminsi 1-5, bitewe nibyakozwe muri gahunda yo kurwanya umwanda nyuma yo gusesengura ingaruka. Ni ngombwa kwibuka kutarenza igihe kinini imyenda ishobora gukoreshwa neza, cyane cyane mu bice by’inganda aho hakenewe kurwanya mikorobe.
Imyenda yatoranijwe neza yujuje ibipimo bya ISO 8 na ISO 7 irashobora guhagarika neza ihererekanyabubasha ry’imashini na mikorobi. Ariko, ibi bisaba kwifashisha ibisabwa ISO 14644, gukora isesengura ry’akaga k’umusaruro, gutegura gahunda yo kurwanya umwanda no gushyira mu bikorwa sisitemu hamwe n’amahugurwa akwiye y’abakozi.
Ndetse ibikoresho byiza n’ikoranabuhanga ryiza ntibizakorwa neza keretse iyo umuryango ufite gahunda z’amahugurwa y’imbere n’imbere kugira ngo harebwe niba urwego rukwiye rwo gukangurira no kumenya inshingano rwashyizweho mu kubahiriza gahunda yo kurwanya umwanda.